We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. CHECKPOINT QUESTION Which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? We understand online and offline are different modalities of real life. FROM table_name WHERE expression; In this filtering, two types of data are used. Too many Americans will live in political and social subcultures that will champion false information and encourage use of sites that present such false information.. During a chemistry lab, your friend is listening intently for bubbling in her solution. Answer: C People who were more susceptible to . An analysis of misinformation from five samples across the United States, Europe, and Mexico showed that substantial portions of each populationanywhere from 15% to 37%believed misinformation about COVID-19 in April and May 2020, representing what the authors call a "major threat to public health.". ONIs mission is to identify and document Internet filtering and surveillance, and to promote and inform wider public dialogues about such practices". Of course, the definition of true is sometimes murky. The problem is human nature, The Role of Alternative Social Media in the News and Information Environment, AI and Human Enhancement: Americans Openness Is Tempered by a Range of Concerns. C) It assumes unattended information is completely filtered out, with no further processing. A) Information with a low degree of saliency is ignored and doesn't go on for further processing. Adam Lella, Larry Diamond, senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and the Freeman Spogli Institute (FSI) at Stanford University, said, I am hopeful that the principal digital information platforms will take creative initiatives to privilege more authoritative and credible sources and to call out and demote information sources that appear to be propaganda and manipulation engines, whether human or robotic. And can most people agree to trust anything as common knowledge? They say history validates this. This makes many vulnerable to accepting and acting on misinformation. afterward, Martin kept focusing on the cost of producing and marketing that product. Which one of the following statements about Filtering and Sorting is true? They predicted a future information landscape in which fake information crowds out reliable information. Furthermore, they said technologists will play an important role in helping filter out misinformation and modeling new digital literacy practices for users. To stop that requires high surveillance which means government oversight which has its own incentives not to tell the truth., Tom Valovic, contributor to The Technoskeptic magazine and author of Digital Mythologies, said encouraging platforms to exercise algorithmic controls is not optimal. People tend to filter downward communication more than upward communication. Teaching judgment has always been the solution, and it always will be. ", Access Denied: How Internet Filtering in Schools Harms Public Education (February 2013) And people can gain more creating fake information (both monetary and in notoriety) than they can keeping it from occurring., Serge Marelli, an IT professional who works on and with the Net, wrote, As a group, humans are stupid. It is group mind or a group phenomenon or, as George Carlin said, Never underestimate the power of stupid people in large groups. Then, you have Kierkegaard, who said, People demand freedom of speech as a compensation for the freedom of thought which they seldom use. And finally, Euripides said, Talk sense to a fool and he calls you foolish., Starr Roxanne Hiltz, distinguished professor of information systems and co-author of the visionary 1970s book The Network Nation, replied, People on systems like Facebook are increasingly forming into echo chambers of those who think alike. exam 2 possibly Flashcards | Chegg.com Fencing Out Knowledge:Impacts of the Children's Internet Protection Act 10 Years Later (2014) This data is represented by the user vector. Last change saved 4 minutes ago. Guidelines to provide public and school libraries with information about how to select, configure, manage, and assess content filters to minimize the negative effects on free inquiry and the privacy of library users. Use the key terms from Chapter 2 to complete the following sentence: Filtering can be applied to columns but not rows. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main By Heins, M., Cho, C. and Feldman, A., Controlling noise is less a technological problem than a human problem, a problem of belief, of ideology. Many respondents expressed concerns about how peoples struggles to find and apply accurate information contribute to a larger social and political problem: There is a growing deficit in commonly accepted facts or some sort of cultural common ground. Why has this happened? 2) Information providers will become legally responsible for their content. A) Filtering makes it possible to view specific data. Mike Roberts, pioneer leader at ICANN and Internet Hall of Fame member, replied, There are complex forces working both to improve the quality of information on the net, and to corrupt it. The process should encourage and allow users to ask for filtered websites and content to be unblocked, with minimal delay and due respect for user privacy. Information with the intent to deceive, opinions masquerading as facts, exciting developments, boring truths, crafty deceptions they are all part of the internet "information soup." These developments have given rise to the new term, information literacy "the ability to discern between information that is relevant and accurate . We will probably have to evolve both new social norms as well as regulatory mechanisms if we want to maintain online environment as a source of information that many people can rely on., Stowe Boyd, futurist, publisher and editor-in-chief of Work Futures, said, The rapid rise of AI will lead to a Cambrian explosion of techniques to monitor the web and non-web media sources and social networks and rapidly identifying and tagging fake and misleading content., Jeff Jarvis, professor at the City University of New Yorks Graduate School of Journalism, commented, Reasons for hope: Much attention is being directed at manipulation and disinformation; the platforms may begin to recognize and favor quality; and we are still at the early stage of negotiating norms and mores around responsible civil conversation. D) 50 objects including blue triangles and red circles. Christian H. Huitema, Tom Rosenstiel, author, director of the American Press Institute and senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, commented, Whatever changes platform companies make, and whatever innovations fact checkers and other journalists put in place, those who want to deceive will adapt to them. Of course, many are less interested in veracity than in winning the competition., Glenn Edens, CTO for technology reserve at PARC, a Xerox company, commented, Misinformation is a two-way street. Governments and organizations are major actors in this space., An anonymous respondent said, Actors can benefit socially, economically, politically by manipulating the information environment. "Peacefire.org was created in August 1996 to represent the interests of people under 18 in the debate over freedom of speech on the Internet. He wrote: Artificial intelligence that will supplant human judgment is being pursued aggressively by entities in the Silicon Valley and elsewhere. Internet Manifesto (2014) $45.84$34.38. Their coping mechanism is to turn to entertainment or other lighter fare. b.Consensus, Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between conflict and performance is true? Two rows in a cell range can be sorted independently. By June Pinnell-Stevens published in American Libraries, Do You See What I See? Sorting is selective viewing of data, and Filtering is rearranging the data. Experimental scientists have many careful protocols in place to assure the veracity of their work, and the questions they ask have well-defined answers and still there can be controversy about what is true, what work was free from outside influence. And the political environment is bad., Ian OByrne, assistant professor at the College of Charleston, replied, Human nature will take over as the salacious is often sexier than facts. Which of the following is true about filters in Microsoft Excel C) Single filter model Many of these respondents said the leaders and engineers of the major information platform companies will play a significant role. Technology is driving this issue, but the fix isnt a technical one alone., Mike DeVito, graduate researcher at Northwestern University, wrote, These are not technical problems; they are human problems that technology has simply helped scale, yet we keep attempting purely technological solutions. It must also elevate information literacy to be a primary goal of education, Theme 1: The information environment will not improve. C) A majority of congruent items leading to no Stroop effect. You call her name and ask for instructions on the next step but she seems not to hear you. content filtering (information filtering): On the Internet, content filtering (also known as information filtering ) is the use of a program to screen and exclude from access or availability Web pages or e-mail that is deemed objectionable. C) Inhibition of return assists an individual in attending to various different locations, thereby increasing the salience of previously attended stimuli. ", Internet Filtering: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights, Internet Filtering: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights(2015). But the overarching and competing themes were clear: Those who do not think things will improve felt that humans mostly shape technology advances to their own, not-fully-noble purposes and that bad actors with bad motives will thwart the best efforts of technology innovators to remedy todays problems. Who holds them accountable for the decisions they make on behalf of all of us? They argued against it for several reasons, including the fact that it enables even broader government and corporate surveillance and control over more of the public. For the environment to improve, we need substantial improvements in education systems across the world in relation to critical thinking, social literacy, information literacy, and cyberliteracy (see Laura Guraks book Cyberliteracy)., Su Sonia Herring, an editor and translator, commented, Misinformation and fake news will exist as long as humans do; they have existed ever since language was invented. On June 26, 1997, the United States Supreme Court in Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844 (1997), issued a sweeping reaffirmation of core First Amendment principles and held that communications over the Internet deserve the highest level of Constitutional protection. After logging in to his computer, he sees an instant message from one of his coworkers who was not at the meeting: What is going on? D) A combination of the single filter and dual filter models. But because the internet cannot be regulated free speech will continue to dominate, meaning the information environment will not improve., But another share of respondents said that is precisely why authenticated identities which are already operating in some places, including China will become a larger part of information systems. How has economic globalization positively influenced world politics? I dont think they will put much effort into eliminating it. With our limbic systems continuously engaged, were more likely to pay attention to stories that make us want to fight, take flight or fill our social media accounts with links. A DoS attack that uses TCP flags is called a ________ attack. However, when consumers are not directly paying for such accuracy, it will certainly mean a greater degree of misinformation in the public sphere. Which of the following would be least likely to engage controlled attention? B) Triesman proposed that information from the attended ear was filtered for semantic importance and the unattended ear was . Which of these statements regarding communication within an organization is true? Peacefire Furthermore, information is a source of power and thus a source of contemporary warfare., Peter Lunenfeld, a professor at UCLA, commented, For the foreseeable future, the economics of networks and the networks of economics are going to privilege the dissemination of unvetted, unverified and often weaponized information. Most of the respondents who gave hopeful answers about the future of truth online said they believe technology will be implemented to improve the information environment. In the longer term, Im optimistic that the second force will dominate as transaction cost-reduction appears to be relatively in favor of crowds versus concentrated institutions., A past chairman of a major U.S. scientific think tank and former CEO replied, [The information environment] should improve because there are many techniques that can be brought to bear both human-mediated such as collective intelligence via user voting and rating and technological responses that are either very early in their evolution or not or not deployed at all. A) Spotlight model Martin is the financial director of a small business. Sally did not consider her. The other side of the complexity coin is ignorance. Statement on Library Use of Filtering Software (1997) Featured Speakers: Doug Archer, Bob Bocher, Deborah Caldwell-Stone, Jamie LaRue, Michael Robinson The current [information] models are driven by clickbait, and that is not the foundation of a sustainable economic model., Stephen Downes, researcher with the National Research Council of Canada, wrote, Things will not improve. Even if there are more positive aspects than negative in a situation or person,. Excel chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet Chicago, IL:American Libraries Live. Anonymous engineer, J. Nathan Matias, a postdoctoral researcher at Princeton University and previously a visiting scholar at MITs Center for Civic Media, wrote, Through ethnography and largescale social experiments, I have been encouraged to see volunteer communities with tens of millions of people work together to successfully manage the risks from inaccurate news., A researcher of online harassment working for a major internet information platform commented, If there are nonprofits keeping technology in line, such as an ACLU-esque initiative, to monitor misinformation and then partner with spaces like Facebook to deal with this kind of news spam, then yes, the information environment will improve. Managers tend to spend about 30% of every day communicating. As per chegg rules and regulatio. to send it. This will end up being a censored information reality., An eLearning specialist observed, Any system deeming itself to have the ability to judge information as valid or invalid is inherently biased. And a professor and researcher noted, In an open society, there is no prior determination of what information is genuine or fake.. Checkpoint question which of the following statements It seems unlikely that government can play a meaningful role as this referee. A) Inhibition of return promotes an individual attending to new and unsearched locations, thereby resulting in a more efficient visual search. Which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? Counter-forces are already emerging. Why would her boss suggest this? Many respondents agree that misinformation will persist as the online realm expands and more people are connected in more ways. I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries (2007) This is particularly problematic for collaborative filtering algorithms, which generate recommendations based on the item's interactions. Filtered vs. Unfiltered: What do these terms mean? Brief on Recommender Systems. Different types of recommendation | by Several longer additional sets of responses tied to these themes follow that summary. It is a social condition, like crime, that you must constantly monitor and adjust to. Their purpose is to raise fears that serve their agendas, create or deepen silos and echo chambers, divide people and set them upon each other, and paralyze or confuse public understanding of the political, social and economic landscape. They cited several reasons: They said these factors and others make it difficult for many people in the digital age to create and come to share the type of common knowledge that undergirds better and more-responsive public policy. Intellectual Freedom Manual(2021) Content-based filtering. Things will improve because people individually and collectively will make it so.. So the new divide will be between the people who want their information to be real vs. those who simply want it to feel important. These experts noted that the public has turned to social media especially Facebook to get its news. They said the publics craving for quick reads and tabloid-style sensationalism is what makes social media the field of choice for manipulative narratives, which are often packaged to appear like news headlines. Increased censorship and mass surveillance will tend to create official truths in various parts of the world. See spam as an analog., Some predicted that digital distributed ledger technologies, known as blockchain, may provide some answers. Explain your answer. Outside this, chaos will reign., Alexander Halavais, associate professor of social technologies at Arizona State University, said, As there is value in accurate information, the availability of such information will continue to grow. But the underlying pathology wont be tamed through technology alone. Now that the issue is visible as a clear and urgent danger, activists and people who see a business opportunity will begin to focus on it. The more a given source is attributed to fake news, the lower it will sit in the credibility tree., Micah Altman, director of research for the Program on Information Science at MIT, commented, Technological advances are creating forces pulling in two directions: It is increasingly easy to create real-looking fake information; and it is increasingly easy to crowdsource the collection and verification of information. Among educated people, we have learned mechanisms for coping with complexity. This would require a system of delayed advertising revenue distribution where ad funds are held until the article is proven as accurate or not. By R. Radom published in LIBRES: Library and Information Science Research Electronic Journal. By Theresa Chmara published in American Libraries, State Laws Relating to Filtering, Blocking, and Usage Policies in Schools and Libraries (2016) He wrote, Machine learning and sophisticated statistical techniques will be used to accurately simulate real information content and make fake information almost indistinguishable from the real thing., Jason Hong, associate professor at the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, said, Some fake information will be detectable and blockable, but the vast majority wont. (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. I will help you in this solution. The audiences typically are looking for information that fits their belief systems, so it is a really tough problem.. As long as these incentives exist, actors will find a way to exploit them. The competition will complicate and intensify the search for veracity. Question 8 1 out of 1 points which of the following - Course Hero The Weekly World News had a circulation of over a million for its mostly fictional news stories that are printed and sold in a format closely resembling a newspaper. Do we know where that might eventually lead? Example: The following filter: " is not any of " with two values selected: "Guides" and "Plugins" would match a record with all other values. The success of Donald Trump will be a flaming signal that this strategy works, alongside the variety of technologies now in development (and early deployment) that can exacerbate this problem. C) Information with semantic relevance receives further processing even if not directly attended to. Algorithms weaponize rhetoric, making it easier and faster to influence people on a mass scale. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. By Theresa Chmara with Freedom to Read Foundation, Why Recent Court Decisions Dont Change the Rules on Filtering (2012) High-quality journalism has been decimated due to changes in the attention economy. These changes will drive significant corporate and public sector improvements in security during the next decade., Larry Keeley, founder of innovation consultancy Doblin, predicted technology will be improved but people will remain the same, writing, Capabilities adapted from both bibliometric analytics and good auditing practices will make this a solvable problem. And those who are most hopeful believed that technological fixes can be implemented to bring out the better angels guiding human nature. Which of the following statements about visual search tasks is most correct? C) Adam is their friend who got lost earlier in the night and they were looking for him. C) Filters can only be established on an Excel table. The reader and the producer of content, both have responsibilities., Deirdre Williams, retired internet activist, replied, Human beings are losing their capability to question and to refuse. Unless we equip people with media literacy and critical-thinking skills, the spread of misinformation will prevail.. The crisis we face about truth and reliable facts is predicated less on the ability to get people to believe the *wrong* thing as it is on the ability to get people to *doubt* the right thing.

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