Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Muhammad was a prophet and founder of Islam. e. Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. Ali, himself, was killed in 661, as the bitter power struggle between Sunni and Shia continued. Starting in about 613, Muhammad began preaching throughout Mecca the messages he received. The rise of Islam is intrinsically linked with the Prophet Muhammad, believed by Muslims to be the last in a long line of prophets that includes Moses and Jesus. What are the traditional events of Muhammads life? Twelver and Ismaili Shi'a believe that these imams are chosen by God to be perfect examples for the faithful and to lead all humanity in all aspects of life. WebIslamic religious leaders by nationality (20 C) A. Ayatollahs (8 C, 14 P) C. Caliphs (28 C, 4 P) Muslim clergy (3 C, 1 P) F. Female Islamic religious leaders (3 C, 28 P) G. Grand Muftis (30 C, 15 P) I. Imams (10 C, 12 P) M. Marja' (3 P) Religious leaders of the medieval Islamic world (9 C) Religious leaders of the medieval Islamic world, List of Naqshbandi saints from Allo Mahar, Sayyid Abdurahman Imbichikoya Thangal Al-Aydarusi Al-Azhari, List of Sheikh-ul-Islams of the Ottoman Empire, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Islamic_religious_leaders&oldid=1128317469, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 December 2022, at 14:14. Category:Islamic religious leaders Ayatollah (Arabic: ; Persian: ) is a high title given to major Shia clergymen. All rights reserved. He spent his entire life in what is now the country of Saudi Arabia, from his birth about 570 CE in Mecca to his death in 632 in Medina. The titles of Ayatollah and Grand Ayatollah exist only in the Shiite sect of Islam. Featured in this unit are several depictions of the Prophet Muhammad. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. When Muhammad died, there was debate over who should replace him as leader. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}History of the Dalai Lama's Biggest Controversies. Muhammad Updates? IMPORTANT : All content hosted onAl-Islam.orgis solely for non-commercial purposes and with the permission of original copyright holders. History of the Dalai Lama's Biggest Controversies, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Birth Year: 570, Birth City: Mecca, Birth Country: Saudi Arabia. Eid al-Fitr: marks the end of Ramadanthe Islamic holy month of fasting. However, Shia tradition states he welcomed the message from the Angel Gabriel and was deeply inspired to share his experience with other potential believers. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. (There are dozens of these guys out there and evangelicals, even the minorities in the space, are missing a massive opportunity. His youngest daughter, Fimah, married Muhammads cousin Al, the fourth of Muhammads successors as leader of the Muslim community. Several Iranian places and institutions are named "Imam Khomeini", including a city, an international airport, a hospital, and a university. (See details under Zaidiyyah, History of Yemen, Imams of Yemen.):). These early revelations pointed to the existence of a single God, contradicting the polytheistic beliefs of the pre-Islamic Arabian Peninsula. Islamic Religious Leaders Unrecognized Email or Password, please try again. These officials are supposed to belong to the Hanafi school of the Sunni sect. Islam is picking them off. Most of his early life was spent as a merchant. In Twelver Shsm there are 14 infallibles, 12 of which are Imams, the final being Imam Mahdi who will return at the end of times. As in many religions, there is no single image or symbol of Islam that is universally accepted by all Muslims worldwide. This is not to suggest that there was necessarily an element of deliberate fabrication at work, at least at the level of a compiler like Ibn Isq, who was clearly not inventing stories from scratch. By 630 he had unified most of Arabia under a single religion. I dont get!!!!!) e. Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. Muhammad gave amnesty to many of the Meccan leaders who had opposed him and pardoned many others. In Islam, an Imam is a religious leader who often leads congregational prayers in a mosque. Enter valid first name and last name with at least one space. Islam Abu Bakr died about two years after he was elected and was succeeded in 634 by Caliph Umar, another father-in-law of Muhammad. The title of "Grand Mufti" (Arabic: ) refers to the highest official of religious law in some Muslim countries.[3][4]. 30 Apr 2023 20:48:23 Sarah Pruitt is a writer and editor based in seacoast New Hampshire. Such evidence provides sufficient confirmation of the historical existence of an Arab prophet by the name of Muhammad. Ayatollah means "sign of God"; those who carry it are considered experts in Islamic studies. The rift between these two factions has resulted in differences in worship as well as political and religious views. One night, while the Prophet was sleeping, the Archangel Gabriel came and led him on a journey. Mounted on the heavenly steed Buraq, Muhammad traveled from the Ka'ba in Mecca to the "Farthest Mosque," which Muslims believe to be the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. According to Islamic texts and tradition, an angel named Gabriel visited Muhammad in 610. while he was meditating in a cave. WebThe first of them is his son, Hasan, then Husayn, then Ali ibn Husayn, then Muhammad ibn Ali, then Ja'far ibn Muhammad, then Musa ibn Ja'far, then Ali ibn Musa, then Muhammad ibn Ali, then Ali ibn Muhammad, then Hasan ibn Ali then al-Hujjah al-Qaim al-Mahdi al-Hadi ibn Hasan, Master of the Time (May Allah hasten his blessed advent). Lay Leaders Some Orientalists wrote the title as Khalf. Islamic religious leaders This was especially true for members of Muhammads own tribe, the Quraysh, who were the guardians of the Kaaba. Muslims believe he was the final prophet sent by God to reveal their faith to mankind. This group became known as the followers of Ali; in Arabic the Shiat Ali, or simply Shia. Muhammad The text is considered the sacred word of God and supercedes any previous writings. Category:Islamic religious leaders hXmo6+bKNJ@/q8k #Y)(q`:4)NGH2dz L\g#$d=b>%1). I dont get!!!!!) Wikipedia First came the rise of the Safavid dynasty in the 16th century, which transformed Iran (through force) from a Sunni center into the Shia stronghold of the Middle East. Death Year: 632, Death date: June 8, 632, Death City: Medina, Death Country: Saudi Arabia, Article Title: Muhammad Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/religious-figures/muhammad, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: April 6, 2020, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. Unlike Catholic priests they do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and God",[1] have "process of ordination",[2] or "sacramental functions",[1] but instead serve as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.[1]. WebMuhammad was the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurn, Islams sacred scripture. WebMuhammad was the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurn, Islams sacred scripture. These leaders must be followed since they are appointed by God. Due to animistic belief of ancient Javanese people, the title "Kyai" is also used to call almost all persons and things venerated. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini This journey became known as the Hijra (also spelled Hegira or Hijrah), and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. WebCaliph is the term for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. All mosques have an imam to lead the (congregational) prayers, even though it may sometimes just be a member from the gathered congregation rather than an officially appointed salaried person. At times, the imams were elected. Eventually the Sunni majority (named for sunna, or tradition) won out, and chose Muhammads close friend Abu Bakr to become the first caliph, or leader, of the Islamic community. Shaykh/Shaykha: spiritual leader (usually male, occasionally female), especially of a Sufi Circle. Followers of Islam aim to live a life of complete submission to Allah. Wikipedia Searching for clarity, he would sometimes meditate at Mount Hira, near Mecca. On one of these occasions, the Archangel Gabriel (Jibra'il in Arabic) appeared to him and instructed him to recite "in the name of [your] lord." (Traditionally, a congregations Imam is a man; a woman may serve as prayer leader for a women-only gathering.) (Lyons Press, 2017), which chronicles some of history's most famous disappearances. Islam, BBC.Islam: The Second Largest World ReligionAnd Growing, Religious Tolerance.Islam Fast Facts, CNN.Basic Facts About Islam, PBS.What is Sharia Law and How is it Applied? In some other applications, such as the International Red Cross and Red Crescent humanitarian aid movement, a red crescent indicates that followers of Islam are respected and treated accordingly. Depictions of the Prophet Muhammad The titles of Ayatollah and Grand Ayatollah exist only in the Shiite sect of Islam. Nation of Islam: This mostly African-American, Sunni sect was founded in the 1930s in Detroit, Michigan. The move from Mecca to Medina is known as the hijrathe flightand marks year 1 of the Islamic, or hijri, calendar. From that point forward, Muhammad was ostracized in Mecca. endstream endobj startxref It is an Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word or Khalfah, which means "successor", that is, successor to the Muhammad. WebIn everyday terms, an imam for Sunni Muslims is the one who leads Islamic formal ( Fard) prayers, even in locations besides the mosque, whenever prayers are done in a group of two or more with one person leading (imam) and the others following by copying his ritual actions of worship. Muhammad was also very religious, occasionally taking journeys of devotion to sacred sites near Mecca. Islam does not have an ordained clergy with authority over rites and rituals. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini became the supreme religious leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, following many years of resistance to Shah Pahlavi. Caliph is the term for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. In 622, Muhammad traveled from Mecca to Medina with his supporters. At times, imams have held both secular and religious authority. They believe there will be a day of judgment, and life after death. Wikipedia Commissioned by Muslims for Muslims, these images appear in biographies of the Prophet and his family, world and local histories, and accounts of Muhammad's celestial journey (mi'raj), as well as in literary texts. Omissions? In each context, they serve a distinct purpose. The book is written with Allah as the first person, speaking through Gabriel to Muhammad. Most of his early life was spent as a merchant. Shaykh/Shaykha: spiritual leader (usually male, occasionally female), especially of a Sufi Circle. This Arabic word has different meanings, depending on the context, and can be translated as lord (or owner), companion, or friend. This system of leadership, which was run by a Muslim ruler, became known as a caliphate. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Category:Islamic religious leaders hb```"UV\a ![001:g`h` !i(f` 5@dC&F; After his clan withdrew its protection, he fled to Medina in 622 and repulsed two attacks by Meccan forces in 625 and 627. Muslim Religious Leader Called The imam's Arabic titles are used by the majority of Twelver Shia who use, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imam&oldid=1151031191, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Knowledge of Quran and Sunnah, religious devotion, According to most Shia scholars, he was poisoned on the order of Caliph, Sunni and Shia sources both describe him as one of the early and most eminent, According to some Shia scholars, he was poisoned by Ibrahim ibn Walid ibn 'Abdallah in, According to Shia sources, he was poisoned in, Leader of the Shia community during the schism of, Famous for his generosity and piety in the face of persecution by the, Poisoned by his wife, Al-Ma'mun's daughter, in. We strive for accuracy and fairness. "Almami" is a title of West African Muslim rulers, used especially in the conquest states of the 19th century. Islam The controversial term radical Islam has become a well-known label to describe the religions connection to acts of violence. Most people in Mecca either ignored him or mocked him as just another prophet. Muslims believe that Muhammad continued to receive revelations from Allah throughout the rest of his life. In his early 20s, Muhammad began working for a wealthy merchant woman named Khadijah, 15 years his senior. Although polygamy was then prevalent in Arabic society, he was monogamously married to his first wife, Khadjah, until her death after about 25 years of marriage. The ninth of them is their Qa'im who will fill the earth with justice and fair-play as it be filled with tyranny and oppression.. She has been a frequent contributor to History.com since 2005, and is the author of Breaking History: Vanished! ALOR SETAR: The people must not be misled by leaders who sow hatred by using race and religion for their own benefits, says Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim. Updated: Sep 24, 2020. 227 0 obj <>stream What Is the Most Widely Practiced Religion in the World? The Arabic term islm, literally surrender, illuminates the fundamental religious idea of Islamthat the believer (called a Muslim, from the active particle of islm) accepts surrender to the will of Allah (in Arabic, Allh: God). 8:10 AM MYT. Thus, statements of the sort that on March 21 of the year 625, Meccan forces entered the oasis of Medina are inherently problematic. Islam And there is an Imam e Mubeen who encompasses the whole universe as per the teachings of the Quran. Leaders 0 Islam teaches that Allahs word was revealed to the prophet, Muslims believe several prophets were sent to teach Allahs law. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Neither of them are representative of the vast majority of Sunni Muslims or the vast majority of Shia Muslims around the world, says Hazleton of the fundamentalist regimes governing both Saudi Arabia and Iran. Divine Revelations He had four daughters and at least two sons (both of whom died as infants) with Khadjah and probably another son (who also died young) by a later wife or concubine, Mriyah. Most of the Meccan population converted to Islam. They believe that nothing can happen without Allahs permission, but humans have free will. Mecca was home to two widely venerated polytheistic cults whose gods were thought to protect its lucrative trade. As of 2015, there are over 1.8 billion Muslims in the world who profess, There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.. The principle of aniconism (opposition to the use of icons or religious idols) was an early feature of Islam, though under some historical dynasties or in some regions the prohibition was only partially or selectively enforcede.g., under the Abbsid dynasty (7501258) it applied only to public buildings. Eventually the Sunni majority (named for sunna, or tradition) won out, and chose Muhammads close friend Abu Bakr to become the first caliph, or leader, of the Islamic community. These portrayals, while somewhat rare, are not unheard of as there were (and still are) many different attitudes toward depicting the Prophet, and humans in general, in the Islamic world. The Prophet Muhammad and the Origins of Islam Updated: Sep 24, 2020. Uthman was also killed, and Ali, Muhammads cousin and son-in-law, was selected as the next caliph. He undertook his miraculous Night Journey (Isr) from Mecca to Jerusalem, where he prayed with Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. Islamic religious leaders Islam also spread throughout areas in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Followers worship Allah by praying and reciting the Quran. Other passages mention military encounters between Muhammads followers and the unbelievers. Upon his return to Medina to his wifes home, he fell ill for several days. Best Known For: Muhammad is the prophet and founder of Islam. Updated: Sep 24, 2020. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Mullah or Mawlana are Islamic clergy who have studied the Qur'an and the Hadith and are considered experts on related religious matters in this religion. Moreover, a number of rudimentary details about Muhammad are confirmed by non-Islamic sources dating from the first decades after Muhammads traditional date of death. Watch the red carpet livestream on our website starting at 6 pm. If you regularly visit this site and wish to show your appreciation, or if you wish to see further development of Al-Islam.org, please donate online. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project 1995-2023. Ibn Isqs original book was not his own composition but rather a compilation of autonomous reports about specific events that took place during the life of Muhammad and also prior to it, which Ibn Isq arranged into what he deemed to be their correct chronological order and to which he added his own comments. Although rare, this can include military jihad if a just war is needed. Islamic religious leaders Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. However, many Muslims do not support such extreme measures. They accept that the first four caliphs were the true successors to Muhammad. Learn about the life of Mohammad, the founder of Islam. Ali eventually became the fourth caliph (or Imam, as Shiites call their leaders), but only after the two that preceded him had both been assassinated. WebLeadership. His strong monotheistic message angered many of the Meccan merchants. Thus for Sunnis, anyone can study the basic Islamic sciences and become an Imam. Muhammad settled in Medina, building his Muslim community and gradually gathering acceptance and more followers. Sharia law requires men and women to dress modestly. Muhammad was the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurn, Islams sacred scripture. Mosques are places where Muslims worship. Muslims also celebrate other holidays, such as the Islamic New Year and the birth of Muhammad. WebThe first of them is his son, Hasan, then Husayn, then Ali ibn Husayn, then Muhammad ibn Ali, then Ja'far ibn Muhammad, then Musa ibn Ja'far, then Ali ibn Musa, then Muhammad ibn Ali, then Ali ibn Muhammad, then Hasan ibn Ali then al-Hujjah al-Qaim al-Mahdi al-Hadi ibn Hasan, Master of the Time (May Allah hasten his blessed advent). The prophet Muhammad, sometimes spelled Mohammed or Mohammad, was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in A.D. 570. Shias consider the term to be only applicable to the members and descendents of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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