(Datta 2005; Morales 2008) It has been argued that whether and how a Hindu embraces a theory of religious pluralism will depend crucially on what she takes Hinduism to be. In Mahayana Buddhism, the ultimate reality, a formless but active non-thing, is Emptiness, or the Truth Body (Dharmakaya). Must the Mahayanist make any significant revision to accept the proposed threefold reality of Emptiness, gods, and lords? This sort of core pluralism was propounded by some members of the Theosophical Society such as co-founder Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831-91) in her widely read The Secret Doctrine (1888), and by French convert to Sufi Islam Ren Gunon (1886-1951) and those influenced by him, such as the eclectic Swiss-German writer Frithjof Schuon (1907-98). (OConnor 1999) This exclusivism is compatible with both exclusivism and inclusivism in this article. A Primer on Diversity - Resources Starting as a traditional, non-pluralistic Christian, Hick attended religious meetings and studied with people of other religions. Concept and Characteristics of Diversity: Linguistic, Regional & Religious At the same time, they argued that many people who are outside the one church cannot be blamed for this, and so will not be condemned by God. : a critical examination of some formulations of the Neo-Hindu position., Smith, Huston. Further, it is really Creativity that is ultimate, and it is embodied in and does not exist apart from or as an object in addition to God and the Cosmos. This patient's religious beliefs have led him to pursue mindfulness and meditation as ways of . How could a perfect being fail to be available to all people in all the religions? Asians have a lower homeownership rate than the U.S. public overall (59% vs. 64%). According to Pew, it has a Christian majority (52% of the population), while the other half of the population is formed by two sizeable minorities: Hindus (close to 20%) and Muslims (about 15%). Religion diversity can simply refer to the development of religions that depend on the cultures. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples On the other hand, many theorists want to adopt the friendly and broad-minded sounding label pluralism for their theory, even though they clearly hold that one religion is uniquely valuable. Nationality includes, for example, being a British, Jamaican or Pakistani citizen. Physical appearance becomes a way of allowing particular groups of people to feel that they are . (Long 2011) Still, some Hindus object to various kinds of pluralism. These are the undisputed facts of religious diversity. A muted ally in this was the influential religious scholar Mircea Eliade (1907-86), whose work focused on comparing mythologies, and on what he viewed as an important, primitive religious outlook, which separates things into the sacred and the profane. It is a matter of dispute whether certain famous Sufi Muslims such as Rumi (1207-73) and Ibn Arabi (1165-1240) have held to some form of religious pluralism. There are three serious problems with verificationist pluralism. Facts and Theories of Religious Diversity, Abe, Masao. In this article, religious pluralism refers to a theory about the diversity of religions. With truth, the problem is that it is hard to see how the core claims of the religions could all be true. While there are other sorts of negative naive pluralism, we shall concentrate on positive kinds here, as most of the scholarly literature focuses on those. The context of this statement was not a discussion of the fate of non-Christians, but rather a political struggle between the pope and the king of France. (McDermott and Netland 2014) Other Protestants choose forms of inclusivism similar to Rahners (see 4b below). U. S. A. 4. sex. Appropriating Hindu, Buddhist, and Christian language, Smith says that this spirit is the Atman that is Brahman, the Buddha-nature that appears when our finite selves get out of its way, my istigkeit (is-ness) whichwe see is Gods is-ness. (Smith 2003 ch. Others dissent because they accept the incompatible diagnosis and cure taught by some other religion, such as the ones found in Islam or Christianity. Diversity also includes characteristics such as professional skills, working style, location, and life experiences. This type of diversity refers to the presence of multiple religions and spiritual beliefs (including lack thereof) in the workplace. Here we can survey only a few of the criticisms that have been made. For example, all non-Christians go to hell, or all non-Buddhists fail to gain Nirvana, or to make progress towards it. While some characteristics of diversity include age, gender, the color of the skin. 7; Griffin 2005b). What are the 7 key areas of diversity and their characteristics? Cobb and Griffin assume that there is no supernatural intervention (any miraculous interruption of the ordinary course of nature) by God or other beings. How can a Theravada Buddhists accept that such a heavenly next life is a good and final end for non-Buddhists? Catholics are exhorted to patient, friendly dialogue with members of other religions. Religious diversity is the fact that there are significant differences in religious belief and practice. Or what sense would it make for an Orthodox Jew, whose religion teaches him to be fruitful and multiply, to employ the Buddhist practice of viewing corpses at a burial ground so as to expunge the unwanted liability of sexual desire? (Peterson et. Thus, if central Christian teachings are true, then so is at least one central teaching of these two rival religions. Religion and Sexual Behaviors: Understanding the Influence of Islamic (Hick 2000, 2004), As to Hicks idea that the correlation of birthplace and religious belief somehow undermines the rationality of religious belief, it has been pointed out that religious pluralism too is correlated with birthplace. It is hard to see, then, how his theory enables one to be, as Hick claimed to be, a pluralistic Christian, given that one has replaced the diagnosis and cure of Christianity with those of Hicks pluralism. Given that it is ineffable, this Being is neither a god, nor the God of monotheism. After catholic Christianity became the official religion of the empire (c. 381), it was usually assumed that the message had been preached throughout the world, leaving all adult non-Christians without excuse. (Netland 2001), Others object that Hicks pluralism requires arbitrarily reinterpreting religious language non-literally, and usually as having to do with morality, contrary to what most proponents of those religions believe. 2-4; Meeker 2003), Hicks identist religious pluralism has been objected to as thoroughly as any recent theory in philosophy. Nineteenth century popes condemned Enlightenment-inspired theories of religion pluralism about truth and salvation, then called indifferentism, it being, allegedly, indifferent which major religion one chose, since all were of equal value. It offers a fall from primordial spirituality into modern spiritual poverty, cured by adopting the outlook sketched above. 3, 3-4). Differing people, perspectives, topics, ideas, etc. The second part contains answers to questions linked to the treatment of differences in religious education in Croatia and characteristics of teachers that can be linked to this theme. Some philosophers, going against the much-discussed identist pluralism of John Hick (see 2e above) use exclusivism to mean reasonable and informed religious belief which is not pluralist. 6). An ethnic group refers to people who are closely related to each other through characteristics such as culture, language, and religion. The term exclusivist was originally a polemical term, chosen in part for its negative connotations. It is difficult to make a fully clear distinction between exclusivist and inclusivist approaches. What do we mean by Race, Ethnicity and Diversity? - Kansas State University Influential German theologian Karl Rahner (1904-84), in his essay Christianity and the Non-Christian Religions, argues that before people encounter Christianity, other religions may be the divinely appointed means of their salvation. It's also important because in the 21st century there are global problems and issues which seemingly have religious origins and which will take a concerted effort of people of different faiths to help resolve. A similar pluralism is advanced by Japanese Zen scholar Masao Abe (1915-2006). In all these ways, they argue that their ultimist pluralism is superior to other pluralisms. Why Diversity in Religion is Important - SelfGrowth.com This account is narrower than pluralism is usually thought to be, but it is arguably a version of it. It is here described as Identist pluralism because his theory claims that people in all the major religions interact with one and the same transcendent reality, variously called God, the Real, and the Ultimate Reality., Hick viewed religious belief as rationally defensible, and held that one may be rational in trusting the veridicality of ones religious experiences. Furthermore, Hindu thought has shifted in modern times from a scriptural to an experiential emphasis. Religious Pluralism., Schmidt-Leukel, Perry. Religion is a system of beliefs and moral norms that serve as spiritual guide for the human being; the mythology that composes them and their main characteristics vary between culture and culture. Thus, Christian exclusivists usually allow that those who die as babies, the severely mentally handicapped, or friends of God who lived before Christian times may avoid hell and attain heaven despite their not being fully-fledged, believing and practicing Christians. (Sedgwick 2004) Like traditional religions, it too offers a diagnosis of the human condition and a cure. Many religious claims will be logically incompatible with the accepted diagnosis, and many religious practices will be useless or counter-productive when it comes to getting what one believes to be the cure. (1995, 2004) All the major religions are equal in that they (1) refer to and facilitate cognitive contact with a single, transcendent reality, (2) each offers a similarly moral- and eternal-oriented cure, and (3) each includes revisable and incomplete accounts of this transcendent reality. One prominent scholar argues that the neo-Hindu position on religious diversity (that is, modern Hindu pluralism) is not the view that all religions are equal, one, true, or the same. Instead, Hick downgrades the importance of true belief to religion. That's why religious diversity is so important. An informed Christian must concede that Jews and Muslims too believe this, and that they teach it as a central doctrine. All religions are equal? Email: filosofer@gmail.com These, Hick holds, are all mistaken; the Ultimate reality is neither personal nor impersonal. 2013, 333-40) Theologically liberal Protestants most often hold on to some form of religious pluralism.

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